Scoliosis during childhood is a condition where the spine bends unnaturally and leaves the child with an awkward standing position. Spinal surgery for scoliosis is done to fuse the vertebrae together so they can no longer bend out of place. Metal rods and screws are implanted to keep the spine in place while the bone regrows around where it was removed. This also allows it to fuse the spine together in a natural way, making the spine much stronger and stable.