Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the digestive system of the body. The large intestine is one of the main organs used in digestion. The first 6 feet of the large intestine make up the colon and the last few inches are the rectum. Colon cancer occurs when cancer cells develop in the colon. In comparison, colorectal cancer refers to any cancer that may occur in the colon or rectum.

Colon cancer is highly curable if detected in early stages through screening methods, like colonoscopy. Colon and rectal cancers together are the fourth most common cancers in the United States. About 1 in 20 (5%) Americans will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetime. Colorectal polyps (benign abnormal growths) affect about 20% to 30% of American adults.

Risk Factors

While the exact cause of colorectal cancer is unknown, the following factors can increase the risk of colon cancer.

  • Age (nearly 90% of rectal cancer is detected in patients 50 and older)
  • Family history of colorectal cancer (especially parents or siblings)
  • Personal history of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis for eight years or longer
  • Presence of colorectal polyps
  • Personal history of breast, uterine or ovarian cancer

Treatment Options


As part of a multidisciplinary approach to care, Orlando Health Colon & Rectal Institute works together with specialists at Orlando Health Cancer Institute to offer a range of proven treatments. Your team of doctors will recommend a combination of therapies that will give you the most benefits based on your diagnosis, the stage of your cancer and your personal preferences.

Our expert surgeons are skilled in a variety of oncology techniques, including minimally invasive surgeries and traditional open surgeries. Minimally invasive surgeries, some with robotic assistance, require smaller incisions and patients experience several benefits including shorter recovery times.

Outcomes

Early detection through screening methods (like colonoscopy) is crucial. Patient outcome is strongly associated with the rectal cancer stage at the time of diagnosis, including:

  • Cancer stage (how advanced the cancer is)
  • Cancer location in the colon or rectum
  • Whether the bowel is blocked or has a hole in it
  • Whether all of the tumor can be removed surgically
  • Patient’s general health and ability to tolerate different treatments
  • Whether the cancer is newly diagnosed or has recurred (come back)

Post-Treatment Follow-Up

Follow-up care after treatment for colorectal cancer is important. Even when the cancer appears to have been completely removed or destroyed, the disease may recur.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines

Screening can help detect colorectal cancer at its earliest stage, before you experience symptoms and when it is most treatable. Screening guidelines are general recommendations and may vary depending on a person’s individual set of circumstances including age, family history, personal medical history and genetic testing results. Based on your personal risk factors, your primary care physician will determine the most appropriate screening plan that is right for you.